Name: Dog Blood Test Reference Ranges — Every Value Sourced
Creator: Marcin Siedlecki
License: https://vetblood.io/about/

Evidence-based veterinary medicine (EBVM) only. Every value on this page carries a named source.

All 156 values on this page are traced to a named source. Every sourced entry is traced to a named laboratory reference document, an established veterinary clinical pathology reference, or peer-reviewed literature — hover it to see where it came from. We never fill a gap by analogy with a related species.

Reference intervals for the dog — biochemistry, haematology, urinalysis and specialised tests, in one place, with the provenance of every value stated.

Take the data with you. Every row carries the value and the source it came from, so each number can be checked at its origin without coming back here. Free to reuse with attribution.

Download this table (CSV, 156 rows)All 12 species (CSV, 990 rows)

156

cited values

sections

sources

Read this before you use the table. Reference intervals are analyser- and method-dependent. The interval printed on your own laboratory report always takes precedence over any published table, including this one. These figures are for orientation and teaching. They are not a diagnosis and do not replace examination by a veterinarian.

What kind of proof stands behind each number

Hover any value to see its source and how to check it. The symbol tells you what kind of evidence it is.

🔗 156 — Online source — click and verify

156 of 156 values (100%) can be checked by anyone, today, without asking us.

Biochemistry

Serum and plasma biochemistry, blood gases and acid–base — 38 values, every one cited.

Marker	Reference interval	Source
ALP	7-115 U/L	Cornell AHDC / eClinPath
ALT	17-95 U/L	Cornell AHDC / eClinPath
AST	18-56 U/L	Cornell AHDC / eClinPath
Albumin	3.2-4.1 g/dL	Cornell AHDC / eClinPath
Albumin:globulin ratio	0.9-1.9	Cornell AHDC / eClinPath
Aldosterone	baseline 14-957 12 h post-ACTH 197-2103 pmol/L (reference interval)	Michigan State University VDL Endocrinology
Amylase	322-1310 U/L	Cornell AHDC / eClinPath
Anion gap	12-25 mEq/L	Veterian Key — Metabolic Acid-Base Disorders
Arterial PH	7.31-7.42	Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic La
Arterial pco2	29-42 mmHg	Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic La
Arterial po2	85-95 mmHg	Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic La
BUN	9-26 mg/dL	Cornell AHDC / eClinPath
Bile acids	fasting 0-6 2h postprandial 0-20 µmol/L (fasting / postprandial)	Animal Health Laboratory
Calcium	9.4-11.1 mg/dL	Cornell AHDC / eClinPath
Calcium × phosphorus product	60-70 mg²/dL²	IRIS
Chloride	106-114 mEq/L	Cornell AHDC / eClinPath
Cholesterol	136-392 mg/dL	Cornell AHDC / eClinPath
Creatinine	0.6-1.4 mg/dL	Cornell AHDC / eClinPath
Direct bilirubin	0-0.1 mg/dL	Cornell AHDC — Clinical Pathology
GGT	0-8 U/L	Cornell AHDC / eClinPath
GLDH	1-20 U/L	Cornell AHDC / eClinPath
Globulin	1.9-3.7 g/dL	Cornell AHDC / eClinPath
Glucose	68-104 mg/dL	Cornell AHDC / eClinPath
Indirect bilirubin	0-0.1 mg/dL	Cornell AHDC — Clinical Pathology
LDH	24-388 U/L	Cornell AHDC / eClinPath
Lipase dggr	15-228 U/L	Cornell AHDC / eClinPath
Magnesium	1.6-2.4 mg/dL	Merck Veterinary Manual — Serum Biochemical Re
NEFA	0.13-1.25 mEq/L	Cornell AHDC — Clinical Pathology
Osmolality	280-305 mOsm/kg	Veterian Key — Metabolic Encephalopathy: Osmol
Phosphate	2.7-5.4 mg/dL	Cornell AHDC / eClinPath
Potassium	4.1-5.4 mEq/L	Cornell AHDC / eClinPath
SDMA	0-14 µg/dL	IDEXX Reference Laboratories — SDMA reference
Sodium	143-150 mEq/L	Cornell AHDC / eClinPath
Sorbitol dehydrogenase	3.1-7.6 U/L	Sekisui Diagnostics SDH Assay
Total bilirubin	0-0.2 mg/dL	Cornell AHDC / eClinPath
Total protein	5.5-7.2 g/dL	Cornell AHDC / eClinPath
Triglycerides	23-102 mg/dL	Cornell AHDC / eClinPath
Uric acid	0.1-0.9 mg/dL	Vetspace

Haematology

Complete blood count, red cell indices, reticulocytes and platelet fractions — 32 values, every one cited.

Marker	Reference interval	Source
Band neutrophils	0-0.45 ×103/µL	Merck Veterinary Manual — Hematologic Referenc
Basophils	0-0.1 ×103/µL	Cornell AHDC / eClinPath
ESR	1-8 mm/h (14-minute automated assay)	The Veterinary Journal — canine erythrocyte se
Eosinophils	0.1-2.1 ×103/µL	Cornell AHDC / eClinPath
Fibrinogen	150-300 mg/dL	Merck Veterinary Manual — Serum Biochemical Re
HCT	41-58%	Cornell AHDC / eClinPath
HGB	14.1-20.1 g/dL	Cornell AHDC / eClinPath
High fluorescence reticulocyte fraction	2.5-29.8 %	Reticulocyte maturation fractions study
Immature platelet fraction	0.5-8.0 %	Veterinary IPF reference interval study
Immature reticulocyte fraction	6.8-44.0 %	Reticulocyte maturation fractions study
Large unstained cells absolute	0-0.1 ×10^3/µL	Cornell AHDC — Haematology reference intervals
Large unstained cells percent	0.1-1.4 %	Cornell AHDC — Haematology reference intervals
Low fluorescence reticulocyte fraction	56.0-93.2 %	Reticulocyte maturation fractions study
Lymphocytes	0.9-4.7 ×103/µL	Cornell AHDC / eClinPath
MCH	21-26 pg	Cornell AHDC / eClinPath
MCHC	33-36 g/dL	Cornell AHDC / eClinPath
MCV	64-76 fL	Cornell AHDC / eClinPath
MLR	0.1-0.3	Navarro PF et al.
MPV	6.1-10.1 fL	Merck Veterinary Manual — Hematologic Referenc
Medium fluorescence reticulocyte fraction	2.3-19.6 %	Reticulocyte maturation fractions study
Monocytes	0.1-1.3 ×103/µL	Cornell AHDC / eClinPath
NLR	1.3-7.1	Navarro PF et al.
Neutrophils	2.7-9.4 ×103/µL	Cornell AHDC / eClinPath
Nucleated RBC	0-1 /100 WBC	eClinPath
PLR	40.4-271.1	Navarro PF et al.
Platelets	186-545 ×103/µL	Cornell AHDC / eClinPath
RBC	5.7-8.5 ×106/µL	Cornell AHDC / eClinPath
RDW	10.6-14.3 %	Cornell AHDC / eClinPath
Ret he reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent	22.2-28.6 pg	Canine RET-He reference interval study
Reticulocytes	0.2-1.5%	Cornell AHDC / eClinPath
SII	224.6-2191.7	Navarro PF et al.
WBC	5.7-14.2 ×103/µL	Cornell AHDC / eClinPath

Urinalysis

Urine concentration, protein and tubular injury markers — 14 values, every one cited.

Marker	Reference interval	Source
Specific gravity	1.015-1.045	IRIS
UPC	0-0.2	IRIS
Urinary MCP 1	0.12-3.24 ng/mL	Canine novel urinary renal biomarkers study
Urinary MCP 1 creatinine ratio	0.06-1.31 ng/mg creatinine	Canine novel urinary renal biomarkers study
Urinary NGAL	0.04-3.67 ng/mL	Canine novel urinary renal biomarkers study
Urinary NGAL creatinine ratio	0.00-1.57 ng/mg creatinine	Canine novel urinary renal biomarkers study
Urinary alanine aminopeptidase creatinine	healthy dogs ≤6.3 U/g creatinine (interpretive bands)	Canine urinary enzymuria study
Urinary clusterin	8.12-388.0 ng/mL	Canine novel urinary renal biomarkers study
Urinary clusterin creatinine ratio	0.93-131.1 ng/mg creatinine	Canine novel urinary renal biomarkers study
Urinary cortisol creatinine ratio	baseline urine ≤34 ratio (interpretive bands)	Michigan State University VDL Endocrinology
Urinary cystatin c	1.08-8.16 ng/mL	Canine novel urinary renal biomarkers study
Urinary cystatin c creatinine ratio	0.58-4.84 ng/mg creatinine	Canine novel urinary renal biomarkers study
Urinary methylmalonic acid creatinine ratio	all healthy dogs ≤22.4 intact male dogs ≤58.9 females neutered males ≤5.2 mg/g creatinine (interpretive bands)	Canine cobalamin-related metabolite reference
Urinary n acetyl d glucosaminidase creatinin	male dogs 0.02-3.65 female dogs 0.02-2.31 U/g creatinine (reference interval)	Canine urinary NAG study

Coagulation and viscoelastic testing

Clotting times, inhibitors, fibrinolysis and whole-blood viscoelastic testing — 7 values, every one cited.

Marker	Reference interval	Source
APTT	10.4-12.9 s	UC Davis VMTH Clinical Chemistry Reference Int
Antithrombin	65-145 %	Cornell AHDC / eClinPath — Coagulation referen
D dimer	0-186 ng/mL	UC Davis VMTH Clinical Chemistry Reference Int
Fibrin degradation products	baseline <5 µg/mL (interpretive bands)	UC Davis VMTH Clinical Chemistry Reference Int
PT	7.0-9.3 s	UC Davis VMTH Clinical Chemistry Reference Int
Protein C	75-135 %	Cornell AHDC / eClinPath — Coagulation referen
TCT	4.0-9.0 s	Cornell AHDC / eClinPath — Coagulation referen

Endocrine and reproductive assays

Adrenal, thyroid, pancreatic and gonadal hormones, including stimulation-test values — 21 values, every one cited.

Marker	Reference interval	Source
17-OH-progesterone	6-20 ng/dL	LABOKLIN — Reference ranges
25-hydroxyvitamin D	112-366 nmol/L	Michigan State University VDL Endocrinology
ACTH endogenous	6-58 pg/mL	LABOKLIN — Reference ranges
Androstenedione	spayed female baseline 0.05-0.57 spayed female post-ACTH 0.27-3.97 ng/mL (reference interval)	University of Tennessee Veterinary Medical Cen
Anti-Müllerian hormone	female ovariectomized 0.01-0.04 female inconclusive 0.05-0.10 female intact 0.11-3.91 male intact 11-535 ng/mL (interpretive bands)	UC Davis Clinical Endocrinology Laboratory
Calcitriol	20-78 pmol/L	Michigan State University VDL Endocrinology
Cortisol basal	5-65 ng/mL	LABOKLIN — Reference ranges
Estradiol	spayed female baseline 30.8-69.9 spayed female post-ACTH 27.9-69.2 pg/mL (reference interval)	University of Tennessee Veterinary Medical Cen
Free T3	3.7-9.2 pmol/L	LABOKLIN — Reference ranges
Free T4	7.7-47.6 pmol/L	LABOKLIN — Reference ranges
IGF i	61-527 ng/mL	Michigan State University VDL Endocrinology
Insulin	8-25 µU/mL	LABOKLIN — Reference ranges
Insulin autoantibodies	baseline <20 % (interpretive bands)	Michigan State University VDL Endocrinology
Insulin glucose ratio	dog fasting 0.11-0.33 dog ivgtt 15 min 0.08-0.36 dog ivgtt 30 min 0.11-0.34 dog ivgtt 45 min 0.11-0.26 dog ivgtt 60 min 0.13-0.25 ratio (reference interval)	Michigan State University VDL Endocrinology
Progesterone	anestrus <3 15 days post estrus 64-95 30 days post estrus 25-51 60 days post estrus 3-10 nmol/L (interpretive bands)	Michigan State University VDL Endocrinology
T3	20-206 ng/dL	LABOKLIN — Reference ranges
T3 autoantibody index	0-10 %	Michigan State University VDL Endocrinology
T4 autoantibody index	0-20 %	Michigan State University VDL Endocrinology
TSH	0.03-0.50 ng/mL	UC Davis VMTH Clinical Chemistry Reference Int
Testosterone	intact male baseline 2.6-13.9 intact male 1 h post-hCG GnRH 13.0-17.3 intact male 2 h post-hCG GnRH 3.5-20.8 castrate female <0.7 nmol/L (interpretive bands)	Michigan State University VDL Endocrinology
Total T4	1.3-4.5 µg/dL	LABOKLIN — Reference ranges

Trace elements, vitamins and amino acids

Micronutrient status, vitamin metabolites, plasma amino acids and toxic metals — 17 values, every one cited.

Marker	Reference interval	Source
Arsenic	0.417-8.17 µg/L	Larrán et al.
Chromium	2.41-13.3 µg/L	Larrán et al.
Cobalamin	300-800 ng/L	LABOKLIN — Reference ranges
Cobalt	0.039-1.33 µg/L	Larrán et al.
Copper	0.20-0.80 ppm	UPEI Veterinary Diagnostic Services
Folate	3.0-10.0 ng/mL	LABOKLIN — Reference ranges
Homocysteine	5.8-29.0 µmol/L	Canine cobalamin-related metabolite reference
Iron	15-45 µmol/L	LABOKLIN — Reference ranges
Lead	0.285-2.82 µg/L	Larrán et al.
Manganese	1.90-7.28 µg/L	Larrán et al.
Mercury	0.235-2.33 µg/L	Larrán et al.
Molybdenum	1.43-12.7 µg/L	Larrán et al.
Nickel	0.567-9.04 µg/L	Larrán et al.
Serum methylmalonic acid	45.3-159.5 µg/L	Canine cobalamin-related metabolite reference
Taurine	current uc davis laboratory normal range 200-350 current uc davis risk interpretation >150 nmol/mL (interpretive bands)	UC Davis Amino Acid Laboratory — plasma and wh
Thiamine pyrophosphate	70.9-135.3 µg/L	Peer-reviewed canine TPP reference interval st
Zinc	0.70-2.00 ppm	UPEI Veterinary Diagnostic Services

Other specialised assays

Pancreatic and inflammatory markers, cardiac and renal function tests, cerebrospinal fluid and therapeutic drug monitoring — 27 values, every one cited.

Marker	Reference interval	Source
Amikacin peak	post-dose peak 6-14 µg/mL (interpretive bands)	UC Davis VMTH Clinical Chemistry Reference Int
Amikacin trough	pre-dose trough 0-5 µg/mL (interpretive bands)	UC Davis VMTH Clinical Chemistry Reference Int
Ammonia	0-59 µg/dL	UC Davis VMTH Clinical Chemistry Reference Int
Antinuclear antibody titer	low positive category ≤1:40 high positive category ≥1:80 titer (interpretive bands)	Cornell AHDC Immunology — testing protocols an
BHB	0-1 mg/dL	Cornell AHDC — Clinical Pathology
Bicarbonate	20-29 mmol/L	UC Davis VMTH Clinical Chemistry Reference Int
CRP	0.0-10.0 mg/L	UC Davis VMTH Clinical Chemistry Reference Int
CSF total protein	0-25 mg/dL	UC Davis VMTH Clinical Chemistry Reference Int
Creatine kinase	55-257 U/L	UC Davis VMTH Clinical Chemistry Reference Int
Ferritin	80-800 ng/mL	Andrews et al.
Fructosamine	274-412 µmol/L	UC Davis VMTH Clinical Chemistry Reference Int
Gastrin	15.1-78.9 ng/L	Michigan State University VDL Endocrinology
Iohexol plasma clearance GFR	body weight 1.8–12.4 kg 1.54-4.25 body weight 13.2–25.5 kg 1.29-3.50 body weight 25.7–31.6 kg 0.95-3.36 body weight 32.0–70.3 kg 1.12-3.39 mL/min/kg (reference interval)	Bexfield et al.
Ionized calcium	1.16-1.40 mmol/L	Cornell AHDC / eClinPath
Ionized magnesium	0.40-0.52 mmol/L	UC Davis VMTH Clinical Chemistry Reference Int
Lactate	<3.0 mmol/L	eClinPath
NT-proBNP	test Cardiopet proBNP (IDEXX Reference Laboratories) pmol/L (test cut-off)	IDEXX Laboratories — Interpretive Criteria for
Parathyroid hormone	1.1-10.6 pmol/L	Michigan State University VDL Endocrinology
Parathyroid hormone related protein	baseline <1.0 pmol/L (interpretive bands)	Michigan State University VDL Endocrinology
Phenobarbital	therapeutic monitoring 15-40 µg/mL (interpretive bands)	UC Davis VMTH Clinical Chemistry Reference Int
TIBC	280-489 µg/dL	Cornell AHDC / eClinPath
TLI	5-50 µg/L	LABOKLIN — Reference ranges
Thyroglobulin autoantibody index	0-35 %	Michigan State University VDL Endocrinology
Transferrin saturation (%Sat)	27-66 %	Cornell AHDC — Clinical Pathology
Troponin I	0.09-0.17 ng/mL	UC Davis VMTH Clinical Chemistry Reference Int
Von willebrand factor activity antigen sta	90-229 %	UC Davis VMTH Clinical Chemistry Reference Int
cPLI (Spec cPL)	0-200 cut off for pancreatitis >=400 µg/L (reference interval)	Texas A&M Gastrointestinal Laboratory — Spec c

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Reference ranges by species:
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← All species, method and sources

Sources

All 39 sources behind the values on this page. The number after each value points here. Nothing here comes from anywhere else.

🔗 Andrews GA, Smith JE, Gray M, et al. An improved ferritin assay for canine sera. Vet Clin Pathol. 1992;21(2):57-60 — doi:10.1111/j.1939-165x.1992.tb00584.x · PMID 12671803
🔗 Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph — Biochemistry reference intervals (accessed 2026-08-09) — https://www.uoguelph.ca/ahl/biochemistry-reference-intervals
🔗 Berlin N, Pfaff A, Rozanski EA, et al. Establishment of a reference interval for thiamine concentrations in healthy dogs and evaluation of the prevalence of absolute thiamine deficiency in critically ill dogs with and without sepsis using high-performance liquid chromatography. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio). 2024;34(1):49-56 — doi:10.1111/vec.13341 · PMID 37987121
🔗 Bexfield NH, Heiene R, Gerritsen RJ, et al. Glomerular filtration rate estimated by 3-sample plasma clearance of iohexol in 118 healthy dogs. J Vet Intern Med. 2008;22(1):66-73 — doi:10.1111/j.1939-1676.2007.0035.x · PMID 18289291
🔗 Brunker JD, Ponzio NM, Payton ME. Indices of urine N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activities in clinically normal adult dogs. Am J Vet Res. 2009;70(2):297-301 — doi:10.2460/ajvr.70.2.297 · PMID 19231965
🔗 Cornell AHDC / eClinPath (Cobas c501 chem, Advia 2120 heme; >=120 healthy adults) — https://eclinpath.com/test-basics/reference-intervals/
🔗 Cornell AHDC / eClinPath — Coagulation reference intervals — https://eclinpath.com/test-basics/reference-intervals/
🔗 Cornell AHDC Immunology — testing protocols and interpretation guidelines — https://www.vet.cornell.edu/animal-health-diagnostic-center/testing/testing-protocols-interpretations/immunology/ana-anti-nuclear-antibody
🔗 Cornell AHDC — Clinical Pathology, Chemistry (Cobas c501) reference intervals, serum only — https://www.vet.cornell.edu/animal-health-diagnostic-center/laboratories/clinical-pathology/reference-intervals/chemistry-cobas
🔗 Cornell AHDC — Haematology reference intervals, Advia 2120 (absolute and percentage differential tables) — https://www.vet.cornell.edu/animal-health-diagnostic-center/laboratories/clinical-pathology/reference-intervals/hematology-advia-2120
🔗 Davis J, Raisis AL, Miller DW, et al. Analytical validation and reference intervals for a commercial multiplex assay to measure five novel biomarkers for acute kidney injury in canine urine. Res Vet Sci. 2021;139:78-86 — doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.07.009 · PMID 34261014
🔗 eClinPath (Cornell AHDC) — Acid-base: specific disturbances (mleczan L- i D-) — https://eclinpath.com/chemistry/acid-base/types-of-disturbances/specific-disturbances/
🔗 eClinPath (Cornell AHDC) — Nucleated RBC test page — https://eclinpath.com/hematology/tests/nucleated-rbc/
🔗 Fuchs J, Moritz A, Grußendorf E, et al. Evaluation of reticulocyte hemoglobin content (RET-He) in the diagnosis of iron-deficient erythropoiesis in dogs. Vet Clin Pathol. 2017;46(4):558-568 — doi:10.1111/vcp.12547 · PMID 28991391
🔗 Gori E, Pierini A, Pasquini A, et al. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in canine inflammation. Vet J. 2023;294:105949 — doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2022.105949 · PMID 36581149
🔗 IDEXX Laboratories — Interpretive Criteria for the Canine Cardiopet proBNP Test (2013); TEST cut-offs, not a species reference interval — https://www.idexx.com/files/cardiopet-interpretive-criteria-canine.pdf
🔗 IDEXX Reference Laboratories — SDMA reference interval — https://www.idexx.com/en/veterinary/reference-laboratories/sdma/
🔗 Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory — Clinical Pathology Reference Intervals (February 2011) — https://vetmed.iastate.edu/vpath/services/diagnostic-services/clinical-pathology-diagnostic-and-research-services/testing-and-fees/reference-intervals/
🔗 IRIS (International Renal Interest Society) guidelines — USG/UPC — https://www.iris-kidney.com/iris-guidelines-1
🔗 LABOKLIN — Reference ranges, small animals (document 07/2024) — https://laboklin.com/en/specialist-information/reference-values/
🔗 Larrán B, López-Alonso M, Miranda M, et al. Reference Intervals for Trace Elements in Canine Plasma. Animals (Basel). 2026;16(2) — doi:10.3390/ani16020264
🔗 Merck Veterinary Manual — Hematologic Reference Ranges — https://www.merckvetmanual.com/special-subjects/reference-guides/hematologic-reference-ranges
🔗 Merck Veterinary Manual — Serum Biochemical Reference Ranges — https://www.merckvetmanual.com/multimedia/table/serum-biochemical-analysis-reference-ranges
🔗 Michigan State University VDL Endocrinology (2025-06-26) — https://cvm.msu.edu/assets/documents/VDL/Endocrinology-Reference-Ranges.pdf
🔗 Navarro PF et al., Animals 2025;15(23):3376 — reference intervals for haematological inflammatory ratios in 156 healthy dogs (nonparametric, Reference Value Advisor 2.0) — https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15233376
🔗 Perez-Ecija A, Martinez C, Fernandez-Castañer J, et al. The Immature Reticulocyte Fraction (IRF) in the Sysmex XN-1000V Analyzer Can Differentiate between Causes of Regenerative and Non-Regenerative Anemia in Dogs and Cats. Animals (Basel). 2024;14(2) — doi:10.3390/ani14020349
🔗 Perez-Ecija A, Martinez C, Fernandez-Castañer J, et al. Utility of immature platelet fraction in the Sysmex XN-1000V for the differential diagnosis of central and peripheral thrombocytopenia in dogs and cats. J Vet Intern Med. 2024;38(3):1512-1519 — doi:10.1111/jvim.17074 · PMID 38619127
🔗 Proksch AL, Schaefer S, Dreller V, et al. The effects of age and sex on reference intervals for cobalamin, homocysteine, and serum and urinary methylmalonic acid in healthy adult dogs. J Vet Intern Med. 2025;39(1):e17250 — doi:10.1111/jvim.17250
🔗 Reusch C, Vochezer R, Weschta E. Enzyme activities of urinary alanine aminopeptidase (AAP) and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) in healthy dogs. Zentralbl Veterinarmed A. 1991;38(2):90-8 — doi:10.1111/j.1439-0442.1991.tb00988.x · PMID 1677227
🔗 Sekisui Diagnostics SDH Assay (2023) — https://sekisuidiagnostics.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/IN74025-2.pdf
🔗 Texas A&M Gastrointestinal Laboratory — Spec cPL / Spec fPL reference ranges and pancreatitis cut-offs — https://vetmed.tamu.edu/gilab/service/assays/pli/
🔗 UC Davis Amino Acid Laboratory — plasma and whole-blood taurine reference ranges (sample submission form) — https://www.vetmed.ucdavis.edu/labs/amino-acid-laboratory
🔗 UC Davis Clinical Endocrinology Laboratory (2025-07) — https://www.vetmed.ucdavis.edu/sites/g/files/dgvnsk491/files/inline-files/2025-Sample-Handling-Instructions-Reference-Ranges.pdf
🔗 UC Davis VMTH Clinical Chemistry Reference Intervals, Rev 6/2025 (multi-species table; column-verified) — https://www.vetmed.ucdavis.edu/sites/g/files/dgvnsk491/files/inline-files/Chemistry_Reference_Intervals_6.2025_0.pdf
🔗 University of Tennessee Veterinary Medical Center Endocrinology (2020) — https://vetmed.tennessee.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/Newsletter-Adrenal-panel-2020.pdf
🔗 UPEI Veterinary Diagnostic Services (Atlantic Veterinary College) — Reference intervals for trace elements in serum — https://diagnosticservices.avc.upei.ca/reference-guide/reference-intervals/
🔗 Veterian Key — Metabolic Acid-Base Disorders — https://veteriankey.com/metabolic-acid-base-disorders/
🔗 Veterian Key — Metabolic Encephalopathy: Osmolality — https://veteriankey.com/metabolic-encephalopathy-osmolality/
🔗 Vetspace (Ron Hines) — Normal Dog and Cat Blood Chemistry and Lab Values — https://vetspace.2ndchance.info/normal-dog-and-cat-blood-chemistry-and-lab-values/

Method

Evidence-based veterinary medicine (EBVM) only. This page follows the principles of evidence-based veterinary medicine: every value is traceable to a named source, and where the evidence does not exist we say so. A value appears here solely when it can be traced to a named source: a laboratory reference document, an established veterinary clinical pathology reference, or peer-reviewed literature. There is no category of “commonly quoted” or “textbook approximate” value on this site.

Gaps stay gaps. Where an interval has not been established, the entry is absent. We do not substitute a value from a related species and we do not average across sources. 0 values held internally are withheld from these pages because their provenance is not recorded.

One dataset. Every number here is the number our articles use, with the same source attached.

Derived values are labelled. Where an interval was calculated from a published mean and standard deviation rather than formally established, the source entry says so explicitly.

Cite this table
Marcin Siedlecki. Dog Blood Test Reference Ranges. VetBlood, 2026. https://vetblood.io/veterinary-reference-ranges/dog/
Quote or reference it, in whole or in part, with attribution and a link back.

Compiled by Marcin Siedlecki. Last reviewed 2026-08-12. Corrections are welcome at vetblood@vetblood.io — if a value here disagrees with a source you trust, tell us and we will check it.