Reference intervals for the mouse — biochemistry, haematology, urinalysis and specialised tests, in one place, with the provenance of every value stated.
Hover any value to see its source and how to check it. The symbol tells you what kind of evidence it is.
- 🔗 19 — Online source — click and verify
- 📕 35 — Printed reference — title and table given; no online copy exists
- ✎ 1 — Citation key on file — full details on request
54 of 55 values (98%) can be checked by anyone, today, without asking us.
Biochemistry
Serum and plasma biochemistry, blood gases and acid–base — 26 values, every one cited; 1 further entry states that no interval has been established.
| Marker | Reference interval | Source |
|---|---|---|
| ALP | 45-222 U/L | Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary — Table 9- |
| ALT | 26-77 U/L | Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary — Table 9- |
| AST | 54-269 U/L | Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary — Table 9- |
| Albumin | 2.5-4.8 g/dL | Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary — Table 9- |
| Albumin:globulin ratio | 0.9-1.9 | Loeb & Quimby |
| BUN | 17-28 mg/dL | Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary — Table 9- |
| Bicarbonate | not established | No murine reference interval is published: the bicarbonate row is empty for all four strains (CD-1, C57BL/6, B6C3F1, BALB/cByJ) in UCLA DLAM, Serum Chemistry Reference Range — Mouse (after Loeb WF & Quimby FW, The Clinical Chemistry of Laboratory Animals, 2nd ed., 1999). |
| CRP | 0-0.7 mg/L | Age-Related Reference Intervals of the Main Bi |
| Calcium | 3.2-8 mg/dL | Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary — Table 9- |
| Chloride | 82-114 mEq/L | Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary — Table 9- |
| Cholesterol | 26-82 mg/dL | Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary — Table 9- |
| Creatine kinase | 105-649 U/L | Age-Related Reference Intervals of the Main Bi |
| Creatinine | 0.3-1 mg/dL | Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary — Table 9- |
| GGT | 6-8 U/L | Age-Related Reference Intervals of the Main Bi |
| Globulin | 0.6 g/dL (single reported value) | Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary — Table 9- |
| Glucose | 62-175 mg/dL | Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary — Table 9- |
| Iron | 70-190.4 µg/dL | Age-Related Reference Intervals of the Main Bi |
| LDH | 843-3150 U/L | Age-Related Reference Intervals of the Main Bi |
| Lipase dggr | 649-1646 U/L | Age-Related Reference Intervals of the Main Bi |
| Magnesium | 2.2-4.6 mg/dL | Age-Related Reference Intervals of the Main Bi |
| Phosphate | 6-10.4 mg/dL | Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary — Table 9- |
| Potassium | 5.1-10.4 mEq/L | Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary — Table 9- |
| Sodium | 112-193 mEq/L | Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary — Table 9- |
| Total bilirubin | 0.1-0.9 mg/dL | Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary — Table 9- |
| Total protein | 3.5-7.2 g/dL | Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary — Table 9- |
| Triglycerides | 29-150 mg/dL | UCLA DLAM Serum Chemistry Reference Range – Mo |
| Uric acid | 0.1-0.7 mmol/L | Age-Related Reference Intervals of the Main Bi |
Haematology
Complete blood count, red cell indices, reticulocytes and platelet fractions — 19 values, every one cited.
| Marker | Reference interval | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Basophils | 0-1% | Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary — Table 9- |
| Eosinophils | 0-5% | Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary — Table 9- |
| Fibrinogen | 176-298 mg/dL | Miroshnikov et al |
| HCT | 35-40 % | Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary — Table 9- |
| HGB | 10-20 g/dL | Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary — Table 9- |
| Lymphocytes | 30-90% | Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary — Table 9- |
| MCH | 14.7-16.8 pg | Schalm's Veterinary Hematology |
| MCHC | 28.7-32.1 g/dL | Schalm's Veterinary Hematology |
| MCV | 47.6-56.2 fL | Schalm's Veterinary Hematology |
| MPV | 4.3-6.1 fL | Charles River — C57BL/6 Mouse Clinical Patholo |
| Monocytes | 0-10% | Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary — Table 9- |
| Neutrophils | 5-40% | Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary — Table 9- |
| Neutrophils heterophils | 0.42-3.09 ×103/µL | Charles River — C57BL/6 Mouse Clinical Patholo |
| Pcv | 35-40% | Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary — Table 9- |
| Platelets | 1121-1752 ×103/µL | Schalm's Veterinary Hematology |
| RBC | 7-11 ×106/µL | Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary — Table 9- |
| RDW | 11.6-13.5 % | Schalm's Veterinary Hematology |
| Reticulocytes | 1-5% | Schalm's Veterinary Hematology |
| WBC | 4-12 ×103/µL | Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary — Table 9- |
Urinalysis
Urine concentration, protein and tubular injury markers — 2 values, every one cited.
| Marker | Reference interval | Source |
|---|---|---|
| PH | 7.3-8.5 | Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary — Table 9- |
| Specific gravity | 1.034-1.058 | Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary — Table 9- |
Coagulation and viscoelastic testing
Clotting times, inhibitors, fibrinolysis and whole-blood viscoelastic testing — 8 values, every one cited.
| Marker | Reference interval | Source |
|---|---|---|
| VCM a10 | 25.0-49.6 VCM units | Mouse VCM Vet reference interval study |
| VCM a20 | 31.0-56.5 VCM units | Mouse VCM Vet reference interval study |
| VCM alpha angle | 54.4-62.2 degrees | Mouse VCM Vet reference interval study |
| VCM clot formation time | 49.4-137.6 s | Mouse VCM Vet reference interval study |
| VCM clot time | 43.0-353.0 s | Mouse VCM Vet reference interval study |
| VCM lysis index 30 | 99.8-100.0 % | Mouse VCM Vet reference interval study |
| VCM lysis index 45 | 99.7-100.0 % | Mouse VCM Vet reference interval study |
| VCM maximum clot firmness | 37.6-62.8 VCM units | Mouse VCM Vet reference interval study |
Your report is more than a list of values.
Each result changes what the others mean, and together they point somewhere. VetBlood reads the whole report and returns a written analysis and interpretation you can understand and take to your veterinarian.
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Sources
All 8 sources behind the values on this page. The number after each value points here. Nothing here comes from anywhere else.
- 📕 Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary — Table 9-9 (rodents), 11-8/11-11 (ferret) — Printed reference — title and table given, no online copy exists
- 🔗 Charles River — C57BL/6 Mouse Clinical Pathology Data (January 2008–December 2012; age 8–10 weeks; Drew Scientific HemaVet; non-fasted; male and female intervals combined as min–max) — https://www.criver.com/resources/c57bl6-mouse-clinical-pathology-data
- 📕 Loeb WF, Quimby FW. The Clinical Chemistry of Laboratory Animals, 2nd ed. Taylor & Francis, 1999 — Printed reference — title and table given, no online copy exists
- 🔗 Mazzaccara C, Labruna G, Cito G, et al. Age-Related Reference Intervals of the Main Biochemical and Hematological Parameters in C57BL/6J, 129SV/EV and C3H/HeJ Mouse Strains. PLoS One. 2008;3(11):e3772 — doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003772
- ✎ Miroshnikov et al, Plasma hemostasis RI in preclinical studies, Lab Animals for Science 2025;8(4):35-44 (formal RI, Table 2) — Citation key on file — full bibliographic details on request
- 🔗 Mouse VCM Vet reference interval study (2021) — https://karger.com/aha/article/144/6/633/821357/Viscoelastic-Coagulation-Monitor-VCMVet-Reference
- 📕 Schalm's Veterinary Hematology, 6th ed. (species-specific hematology chapters) — Printed reference — title and table given, no online copy exists
- 🔗 UCLA DLAM Serum Chemistry Reference Range – Mouse (CD-1; mod. from Loeb 1999) — https://dlam.ucla.edu/
Method
Evidence-based veterinary medicine (EBVM) only. This page follows the principles of evidence-based veterinary medicine: every value is traceable to a named source, and where the evidence does not exist we say so. A value appears here solely when it can be traced to a named source: a laboratory reference document, an established veterinary clinical pathology reference, or peer-reviewed literature. There is no category of “commonly quoted” or “textbook approximate” value on this site.
Gaps stay gaps. Where an interval has not been established, the entry is absent. We do not substitute a value from a related species and we do not average across sources. 0 values held internally are withheld from these pages because their provenance is not recorded.
One dataset. Every number here is the number our articles use, with the same source attached.
Derived values are labelled. Where an interval was calculated from a published mean and standard deviation rather than formally established, the source entry says so explicitly.
Marcin Siedlecki. Mouse Blood Test Reference Ranges. VetBlood, 2026. https://vetblood.io/veterinary-reference-ranges/mouse/
Quote or reference it, in whole or in part, with attribution and a link back.
Compiled by Marcin Siedlecki. Last reviewed 2026-08-10. Corrections are welcome at vetblood@vetblood.io — if a value here disagrees with a source you trust, tell us and we will check it.