Evidence-based veterinary medicine (EBVM) only. Every value on this page carries a named source.
All 970 values on this page are traced to a named source. A further 20 entries state openly that no interval has been established for that species — those are not values and cite nothing. Most entries are reference intervals; some are thresholds, cut-offs or method-dependent values, and are labelled as such. Every sourced entry is traced to a named laboratory reference document, an established veterinary clinical pathology reference, or peer-reviewed literature — hover it to see where it came from. We never fill a gap by analogy with a related species.
Reference intervals for twelve veterinary species in one place — biochemistry, haematology, urinalysis and specialised tests. Pick a species below, or read the cross-species comparison further down.
970
cited values
251
markers
12
species
121
distinct sources
0
shown, provenance pending
Take the data with you. Every row carries the value and the source it came from, so each number can be checked at its origin without coming back here. Free to reuse with attribution.
Read this before you use the table. Reference intervals are analyser- and method-dependent. The interval printed on your own laboratory report always takes precedence over any published table, including this one. These figures are for orientation and teaching. They are not a diagnosis and do not replace examination by a veterinarian.
What kind of proof stands behind each number
Hover any value to see its source and how to check it. The symbol tells you what kind of evidence it is.
- 🔗 746 — Online source — click and verify
- 📖 3 — Peer-reviewed paper — open the record
- 📕 206 — Printed reference — title and table given; no online copy exists
- ✎ 15 — Citation key on file — full details on request
955 of 970 values (98%) can be checked by anyone, today, without asking us.
Reference ranges by species
Dog
156 values
Cat
155 values
Horse
104 values
Cattle
93 values
Goat
70 values
Sheep
71 values
Rabbit
69 values
Ferret
61 values
Guinea pig
55 values
Syrian hamster
49 values
Rat
51 values
Mouse
56 values
Cross-species comparison
Markers established in at least 8 of the twelve species, side by side. This comparison does not exist anywhere else — most references cover one species at a time.
Biochemistry
| Marker | Dog | Cat | Horse | Cattle | Goat | Sheep | Rabbit | Ferret | Guinea pig | Syrian hamster | Rat | Mouse |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ALP | 7-115 U/L | 11-49 U/L | 88-261 U/L | 27-127 U/L | 0-378 U/L | 12-96 U/L | 27-160 U/L | 3-120 U/L | 60-110 U/L | 99-186 U/L | 16-96 U/L | 45-222 U/L |
| ALT | 17-95 U/L | 28-109 U/L | not established1 | 31-58 U/L | 6-14 U/L | 45-80 U/L | 10.9-95.1 U/L | 54-289 U/L | 10-25 U/L | 22-128 U/L | 20-92 U/L | 26-77 U/L |
| AST | 18-56 U/L | 17-48 U/L | 222-489 U/L | 54-135 U/L | 62-145 U/L | 60-280 U/L | 35-130 U/L | 28-248 U/L | 30-70 U/L | 28-122 U/L | 59-139 U/L | 54-269 U/L |
| Albumin | 3.2-4.1 g/dL | 3.2-4.3 g/dL | 2.9-3.6 g/dL | 3.3-4.3 g/dL | 2.9-4.0 g/dL |